Monopoly essay Essay

Monopoly is â€Å"a firm that can determine the market price of a good. In the extreme case, a monopoly is the only seller of a good or service. † (Miller 103) Characteristics of a Monopoly. Are that there is one single seller in the market with no competition and there are many buyers in the market. The seller controls the prices of the goods or services and is the price maker as well. The consumers do not have perfect information on the goods or services. Advantages of a Monopoly. The Monopolies avoids duplications and hence wastage of resources. Enjoys economics of scale, due to it being the only supplier of the product or service in the market, makes many profits and be used for research and development to maintain their status as a monopoly. They also use price discrimination to benefit the weaker economic section of society. To avoid competition, they can afford to invest in the latest technology and machinery. Disadvantages of a Monopoly. Monopolies have poor levels of service, there is no consumer sovereignty, the consumers are charged high prices for such low quality goods, and lack of competition could lead to low quality goods, as well as out dated goods. What is required for a monopoly to earn profits in the long run? First off, any market type can see super normal profits in the short-run. What is more important is what happens in the long-run. Pure monopolies are not the only monopoly that can make profits. Natural Monopoly or a price discriminating monopoly can make profits as well. The only difference between them is â€Å"why† they are monopolies to begin with. Oligopolies are not monopolies, although they do tend to make above normal profits. Monopolistic competition does not yield these types of profits in the long-run. Economic profit goes to zero here in the long-run because there is a lack of barriers here to prevent competition from entering (as there is with perfect competition). If a firm uses economies of scale then I would be talking about a natural monopoly (or a few firms in oligopoly depending on how large or small the minimum efficient scale is). If the MES were small, economies of scale would not be an entry barrier to competition in order to achieve positive economic profits. If the MES were large, large enough to support one firm only, that would be the definition of a natural monopoly. â€Å"In the long run, a monopolistically competitive firm adjusts plant size, or the quantity of capital, to maximize long-run profit. In addition, the entry and exit of firms into and out of a monopolistically competitive market eliminates economic profit and guarantees that each monopolistically competitive firm earns nothing more or less than a normal profit. † (http://www. amosweb. com/cgi-bin/awb_nav. pl? s=wpd&c=dsp&k=monopolistic+competition, +long run+production+analysis). Works Cited Roger LeRoy Miller. Economics Today, Sixteenth Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Addison-Wesley, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2008, 2006. http://www. amosweb. com/cgi-bin/awb_nav. pl? s=wpd&c=dsp&k=monopolistic+competition,+long-run+production+analysis.

Final Draft Execution Essay

Everyone has different thoughts on punishments for different crimes. There are currently thirty-three states that support the death penalty (Deathpeanltyinfo.org 1). Over the passing years punishment for crimes has gone soft. Whenever the words â€Å"death penalty† are said it raises such debate whether or not it is right or wrong. An eye for an eye my father told me when I was growing up. For that to be true in todays society we need the death penalty and much more. Today our â€Å"eye for an eye† system is weak. Seventeen states believe if a murder happens that person who does the crime does not need to be put to death (Death Penalty Information Center 1). In the poem â€Å"Punishment† by Seamus Heaney, it is about an execution for a crime of adultery, which would be a correct punishment for that crime in that time period. â€Å"When the Puritans came to this land, they left a country where the English treated adultery as largely a civil and personal matter. T he Puritans wanted to create a society where moral dictates were enforced by harsh corporal punishments† (Turley 1). The Puritans had it right, they believed that there needs to be consequences for all crimes petty or not. An issue that has continually created tension in today’s society is whether the death penalty serves as a justified and valid form of punishment. The death penalty can be the only way to justify a crime especially adultery. In the poem â€Å"Punishmentm,† Heaney paints a vivid picture of a dead girls corpse tortured and hung for punishment of a crime of adultery. Heaney uses great detail as if you were the one to find the corpse. â€Å"It blows her nipples / to amber beads, / it shakes the frail rigging / of her ribs† (lines 5-8). He goes on to explain the punishment that this girl indoored for her crime. It is a fitting crime for what she did. When it is thought about this girl ruined a life of another persons, a family’s life. â€Å"Her shaved head / like a stubble of black corn† (17-18). She deserved the embarrassment to be found naked. â€Å"Body in the bog† (9). Bog meaning like an unnourished vegetable, she has been on display for so long she as become  rotten just as she is on the inside when she did her crime of adultery. â€Å"To store / the memories of love. / little adulteress, / before they punished you† (21-24). The love she was after punished her ; she should of found love somewhere else then with a married man. Even Heaney seems to be getting some type of pleasure from his own writing. â€Å"I am the artful voyeur† (33). Heaney agrees with the scene of her punishment by using the word voyeur, he gets excited to see it, to imagine it. Society does not need to get excited about putting someone to death but society should be excited to punish someone for adultery by putting him or her to death. The death penalty persuasion in America has change dramatically overtimes, it is gaining support. The opinion of the death penalty in America is split. â€Å"Public opinion on the death penalty in America over the past fifty years has vacillated. Support decreased through the 1950s and until 1966, when only forty-seven percent of the American public voiced support; since 1982 about three quarters of the population favored capital punishment† (Radelet 44). As time goes on more and more people see that the only way to deal with punishments for certain crimes in execution or the death penalty. â€Å"We must punish offenders to discourage others from committing similar offenses; we punish past offenders to send a message to potential offenders† (Radelet 44). There is great wisdom behind that quote. Strike fear into the offenders to prevent further corruption of adultery. There may be a down side to the death penalty that most can admit, that innocent defendants will occasio nally be executed (Radelet 50). Not to say that in the thirty-three states that have the death penalty that some were innocent while being put to death. It makes no difference though; it is time to change the weak way of punishment for adultery. If a person can ruin someone’s life by committing adultery then the people should have the right to ruin there by ending it. Executions in the Untied States are not like they are in third world countries, where people get stoned to death. There are five different methods of execution today; lethal injection, electrocution, lethal gas, firing squad, and hanging. (â€Å"Methods of Execution† 1). Execution has evolved over years. â€Å"No states provide for lethal gas, hanging, or firing squad as  the sole method of execution.† (â€Å"Methods of Execution† 1). Obviously, these three execution styles are not used today but they are still in the books for use. Sixteen states authorize lethal injection as the sole method of execution and 20 other states provide lethal injection as the primary method but provide other methods for the criminal to pick the way he or she wishes to die. (â€Å"Methods of Execution† 5). The most common execution is lethal injection; which is the most humane way of the death penalty. The execution protocol for most jurisdictions authorizes the use of a com bination of three drugs. The first, sodium thiopental or sodium pentothal, is a barbiturate that renders the prisoner unconscious. The second, pancuronium bromide, is a muscle relaxant that paralyzes the diaphragm and lungs. The third, potassium chloride, causes cardiac arrest (â€Å"Methods of Execution† 5). With these three drugs injected into the criminal it is virtually painless for him or her. Nebraska is the only state, out of the thirty-three that have the death penalty, that the main method of execution is electrocution. (â€Å"Methods of Execution† 1). Execution has evolved from being stoned to death and being hung in public for everyone to see to a â€Å"private show† that in as many ways as possible is humane. We give the criminal a choice to witch execution he or she wants and all the choices that are given are the quickest. Execution has evolved significantly, the criminal does not need to be tortured to prove a point to the rest of society but if you commit adultery society needs to know that they will be put to death for it. The Military has strict rules and regulations on many laws but most importantly, adultery. It seems in todays society you can not Google enough to find the last punishment of adultery in the United States. It goes unnoticed, just gossip in the wind. At least the military has a decent punishment for adultery, not saying it is the best but at least the military is doing something about it. In the United Stares Military if convicted of adultery under the UCMJ (Uniform Code of Military Justice) you can be striped of rank or worse be dishonorable discharged (Rives 1). Being dishonorably discharged from any military branch will ruin you life. Try getting a job with a dishonorable discharge on your record, it won’t happen. The best job you can hope for with that on your record is working eight to five at your local McDonalds. â€Å"The military’s rules on fraternization and  adultery are neither out-of-date nor unnecessary† (Rives 2). The military personal are well-tr ained professionals, and are held to a higher stander then others (Rives 2). The people of America expect the military to be that â€Å"higher stander† so when they see in the news that a high-ranking officer cheated on his wife with a junior enlisted it makes the military look weak. If we think the military, the one thing protecting us from danger, looks weak because of adultery, it would be safe to say other countries think we look weak because people in our country commit adultery and go unpunished for it. More and more people are committing adultery. â€Å"A 1996 NORC study found that 22 percent of men and 15 percent of women admitted being unfaithful to their spouses at least once† (Kantrowitz 2). Eighteen years ago that was the percent of men and women that admitted to adultery. Think of the people who were too ashamed and embarrassed to admit, and think of how its 2012 now and that how badly those percentages have increased. With the punishment for adultery being the death penalty the percentages would drop astronomically. It would set an example for people that if they knowingly cheat on there spouse that they would know what would happen no questions asked. If you are unhappy with your spouse there are ways to work around that, marriage counseling and divorce are just two common ways. You may break someone’s heart by going through divorce but it is better then committing adultery and your spouse finding out and his or her heart is on the floor being stomped on by th e cheater. There is no other way to get people to believe that adultery is wrong, people have thick skulls and the only way of penetrating those skulls is by setting an example for all the others to see. America will become overwhelmed with adultery and that will never be okay. Even the people we look up to have committed such a horrific crime. If the headlines seem to tell us one thing about our culture, it is that we are living in the Age of Adultery. A steady line of prominent men have taken the walk of shame across our television screens and through our magazine and newspaper pages over the past decade or so; Bill Clinton (he says it wasn’t sex, but would even he deny it was adultery?), Newt Gingrich, Rudy Giuliani, the three Johns (Edwards, Ensignm and Gosselin), Jim Mcgreevey, Mark Sanford, Eliot Spitzer, Tiger woods, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Anthony Weiner (Hymowitz  1). If all of these men that we idol in some way or another have committed adultery that sends a signal to the people saying that it is okay if he did it. Kids are watching these men on television looking up to them. Even celebrities should have to be held to the higher stander just like the military. If people, society, looks up to them they should have to face the same punishment. There are even websites that urge peoples to cheat. One of th e most famous is â€Å"AshleyMadison.com, cheekily urges, â€Å"life is short. Have an affair† (Hymowitz 2). If websites are advertising that it is okay that you have an affair because you only live once people are thinking that maybe it is true that people need to go out and have an affair. It is a great message to be sending to people in our society. You might as well be outside with a sign strapped to your chest saying I want to have an affair. The word â€Å"punishment† does not really let the person know what is ahead for them. Most people know when they hear the word â€Å"punishment† that what ever they did is deserving of the crime. Punishment is defined as a penalty imposed for wrongdoing. It is time that everyone takes a stand against adultery and broken hearts. Stop showing other countries we are weak with our punishments. Start setting an example for people who do the crime must face the punishment. It is time to put back in â€Å"an eye for an eye†. Stop living with compassion and start taking responsibilities for your actions like the girl in the poem had to. She committed adultery and had to face a much worse punishment that she would have to face today. Let society bring back the punishment that she had to endure. Works Cited Death Penalty Information Center. â€Å"Facts about the Death Penalty.† Death penalty information. DPIC, 19 July 2012. Web. 22 July 2012. Heaney, Seamus. â€Å"Punishment.† Making Literature Matter: A Text and Anthology for Writers. 4th ed. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford, 2009. 587- 95. Print. Hymowitz, Kay S. â€Å"The National Adultery Ritual.† Commentary 132.1 (2011): 40-44. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 July 2012. Kantrowitz, Barbara, and Karen Springen. â€Å"Those Cheatin’ Hearts.† Newsweek 16 June 1997: 38. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 July 2012. â€Å"Methods of Execution.† Methods of Execution. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2012. Radelet, Michael L., and Marian J. Borg. â€Å"The changing Nature Of Death Penalty Debates.† Annual Review of Sociology 26.1 (2000): 43 Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 July 2012. Rives, Jack L. â€Å"It Works For us: A Guide to the Military’s Rules on Fraternization and Adultery.† Reporter Dec. 1997: 3. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 July 2012. Turley, Jonathan. USA Today. Gannett, n.d. Web. 22 July 2012.

Victim by Oliver Smithfield

In this essay I intend to explore the narrative conventions and values, which Oliver Smithfield presents in the short story Victim. The short story positions the reader to have negative and sympathetic opinion on the issues presented. Such as power, identity and bullying. For example Mickey the young boy is having issues facing his identity. It could be argued that finding your identity may have the individual stuck trying to fit in with upon two groups. The main character Mickey is represented as valuing the outcasts of society.He is at an age where identity is important to find and seeking power to prove he can fit in. The issues facing this character have values and attitudes reflecting his actions. Another essential feature of an example is showing the Mickey is trying to prove he is strong, but not tough enough to harm another person so he uses his anger to think about making an irrational decision. â€Å"I – I – I’m gonna k – k – kill it! He cried. † This example shows how Mickey is unsure of his decision.As a main character presented we as readers feel sympathy toward him because he is forced to act in a certain way that others will accept him. Power is defined as an ability to do or act; it represents strength, control and position of authority. Victim is based on identity and how power can have conflicts in certain groups of people, in more in depth a culture. Benda is another main character that represents physical power. This is shown through the way he looks and acts towards other people. â€Å"Butch, sensing Mickey’s uncertainty snarled, â€Å"You’re such a reject. They began to close in on him pushing and laughing. † Butch is described as â€Å"a muscly, thick-set boy with a shaved head. † Ras is a character who is also an outcast but has the ability to show he is not afraid to say what he thinks or feels. â€Å"Michael†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Ras softly, â€Å"It is not the way. † Mickey is a character who struggles with power and doesn’t know how to show the ability of self-control. These individual characters show different qualities of power and give the reader the ideas of how power can be shown.Narrative conventions are used through out this short story. The main narrative conventions used are setting, theme, descriptive language and conflict. The setting is based in a school ground, which represents innocents of youth. The theme represents society and power, the power between characters and finding our identity in society. Descriptive language is used through out the short story to help us feel sympathetic towards the outcasts in this instance we feel for Mickey and Ras.The conflict in this short story is about man vs man, man vs society and man vs self. Man vs man is portrayed through the bullies and Mickey, man vs society is struggling with identity and man vs self is the struggle with inner self power. Narrative conventions have been u sed to position the reader to respond sympathetic and have the view on how identity also power are important for one’s self. The issues presented in Victim are shown through Mickey wanting to fit in by killing a creature smaller than himself.I believe Mickey has found his identity by not killing the creature because he shows self control and has qualities which others maybe intimidated by using descriptive language it positions the reader to not only think deeper in the short story but possibly reflect upon themselves. I believe this short story has made me think how others are affected when people do not accept them for whom they are. As a young person it is important to feel wanted and accepted in society. Victim has shown as a light view on how hard it is to fit in society now days because people are still scared of what and who is different.This essay explored the narrative conventions and values, which is represented in Oliver Smithfield’s short story, Victim. We learn the influence of others may find us wanting to have a different identity and can inflict one’s self on how we interoperate the power we have. It can be seen that more than these issues can lead to not only wanting to find identity but the issues of power. I believe reading Victim, it has not only presented certain issues of power and identity but has shown society in a negative light. As I have argued though out this essay I believe identity is an aspect of showing who you are. Victim by Oliver Smithfield In this essay I intend to explore the narrative conventions and values, which Oliver Smithfield presents in the short story Victim. The short story positions the reader to have negative and sympathetic opinion on the issues presented. Such as power, identity and bullying. For example Mickey the young boy is having issues facing his identity. It could be argued that finding your identity may have the individual stuck trying to fit in with upon two groups. The main character Mickey is represented as valuing the outcasts of society.He is at an age where identity is important to find and seeking power to prove he can fit in. The issues facing this character have values and attitudes reflecting his actions. Another essential feature of an example is showing the Mickey is trying to prove he is strong, but not tough enough to harm another person so he uses his anger to think about making an irrational decision. â€Å"I – I – I’m gonna k – k – kill it! He cried. † This example shows how Mickey is unsure of his decision.As a main character presented we as readers feel sympathy toward him because he is forced to act in a certain way that others will accept him. Power is defined as an ability to do or act; it represents strength, control and position of authority. Victim is based on identity and how power can have conflicts in certain groups of people, in more in depth a culture. Benda is another main character that represents physical power. This is shown through the way he looks and acts towards other people. â€Å"Butch, sensing Mickey’s uncertainty snarled, â€Å"You’re such a reject. They began to close in on him pushing and laughing. † Butch is described as â€Å"a muscly, thick-set boy with a shaved head. † Ras is a character who is also an outcast but has the ability to show he is not afraid to say what he thinks or feels. â€Å"Michael†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Ras softly, â€Å"It is not the way. † Mickey is a character who struggles with power and doesn’t know how to show the ability of self-control. These individual characters show different qualities of power and give the reader the ideas of how power can be shown.Narrative conventions are used through out this short story. The main narrative conventions used are setting, theme, descriptive language and conflict. The setting is based in a school ground, which represents innocents of youth. The theme represents society and power, the power between characters and finding our identity in society. Descriptive language is used through out the short story to help us feel sympathetic towards the outcasts in this instance we feel for Mickey and Ras.The conflict in this short story is about man vs man, man vs society and man vs self. Man vs man is portrayed through the bullies and Mickey, man vs society is struggling with identity and man vs self is the struggle with inner self power. Narrative conventions have been u sed to position the reader to respond sympathetic and have the view on how identity also power are important for one’s self. The issues presented in Victim are shown through Mickey wanting to fit in by killing a creature smaller than himself.I believe Mickey has found his identity by not killing the creature because he shows self control and has qualities which others maybe intimidated by using descriptive language it positions the reader to not only think deeper in the short story but possibly reflect upon themselves. I believe this short story has made me think how others are affected when people do not accept them for whom they are. As a young person it is important to feel wanted and accepted in society. Victim has shown as a light view on how hard it is to fit in society now days because people are still scared of what and who is different.This essay explored the narrative conventions and values, which is represented in Oliver Smithfield’s short story, Victim. We learn the influence of others may find us wanting to have a different identity and can inflict one’s self on how we interoperate the power we have. It can be seen that more than these issues can lead to not only wanting to find identity but the issues of power. I believe reading Victim, it has not only presented certain issues of power and identity but has shown society in a negative light. As I have argued though out this essay I believe identity is an aspect of showing who you are.

Discuss how moving-image(film and tv) based knowledge, drama and Essay

Discuss how moving-image(film and tv) based knowledge, drama and speaking and listening can contribute to pupil self confidence as readers and writers in the light of your study of Macbeth - Essay Example Exposure to the media and technology has increased manifolds in the present age as compared to the past. A major portion of the daily routine is dedicated to an individual’s interaction with the moving image in the form of the theatre, drama or movie. This practice serves to enhance the comprehension of the viewer and his perception is modified accordingly. The viewer analyzes what is projected in the media and in the context of his personal knowledge and experience in the subject matter and therefore starts to interact with the moving image. The greater exposure to moving image and the natural liking humans have for the same has materialized a need for using the moving image as a means of taking an individual’s perception of the literature to the next level. Moving image has a lot of potential to modify an individual’s attitude toward literature in the way in which it facilitates him to grasp the fundamental concepts of literature. Hence, use of the moving image in schools as a tool for developing the students’ interest and involvement in literature is indeed, a realization of the changing demands of education in the today’s media age. Owing to the strong relation of moving image with the cognitive learning, the need for its inclusion in the curriculum is largely felt. It is widely recognized as a new dimension of literacy, often referred to as cineliteracy and is defined as, â€Å"The ability to analyze moving images, to talk about how they work, and to imagine their creative potential, drawing upon a wide film and television viewing experience as well as on practical skills†. (British Film Institute, 2000). In order to gain full advantage of the moving image for educational purposes, it is imperative that the language of moving image is recognized as a separate field that needs to be explored not only by the students but also by the

The Relationship Between Women in Various Dimensions Research Paper

The Relationship Between Women in Various Dimensions - Research Paper Example The European community had a different perception of feminism besides advocating equal rights granted to men. The Europeans definition of feminism expressed â€Å"womanliness† that exhibited sexual diversity. With that regard, the feminist critiqued social structures and institutions for failing to provide opportunities for women with respect to their gender status. In this aspect, the goal of feminist does not focus on promoting rights and privileges granted to men but to have institutions and social structures that are inclusive of women. For example, they are supporting state subsidies of all mothers. Definition of feminism takes into consideration the roles of women in society. Every society has specific roles for men or women. The advocate of â€Å"relational feminism† demanded the freedom of women to participate in all professions and be freed from the confines of the households. Therefore, feminism focuses on the privileges of women to take part in voting, having rights, etc. It supports the establishment of social structures and institutions that can promote women to be more self-reliant, and they are competing for the same ranks with men in all aspects of life. The other aspect the definition of feminism takes into consideration is how women should or should not be considered or treated thus it establishes an ideology of fairness or morality. It sets standards of justice that defines how women should be viewed and treated in society. Feminism focus on promoting peace between men and women and advocates respects for women and abolishment of the oppressive culture such as women beating.

Human genome Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human genome - Term Paper Example One of the most contentious issues coming up over the next few years will surely be whether to allow human genomes to be patented. Human rights advocates are concerned that allowing patents will infringe on human dignity by giving permission to certain organizations to keep records of a person's genome records and is an invasion of privacy, sort of (Patrinos & Ansorge, 2005, p. 391). Human genome patents is shaping up as a huge social controversy because of its far-reaching implications on research such as those dealing with genetic defects that can cause inherited diseases. Patents are crucial to give encouragement to researchers so that their efforts will be amply rewarded, similar to the copyrights of authors and artists who want royalties for their creative talents. Patents in the context of medical research has effects on how well human beings can live their lives, whether disease-free or not, for example.

Why Most People Flirt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Why Most People Flirt - Research Paper Example This process usually entails either verbal or written communication, coupled with body language, all directed from one person directly to another. Flirting can be either sexual in nature, or it can much less forthcoming, such as simply desiring to meet a new acquaintance. Again, this has been a process that humans have engaged in extensively since the beginning of time and has been the subject of much writing and pondering. This brief essay will explore some commonly held opinions flirting, in attempt to discover why humans continue to engage in this age-old practice of communicating our thoughts about another person. Flirting Can Lead To Romance Contrary to rational thinking, all types of people carry on flirtatious behavior. This means that from married people to single people, to the very old and the younger at heart, individuals have been to flirt with one another. The fact that single people flirt carries comes as no surprise. Single people have no commitment to another person, so they are free to let their desires be known by flirting with someone else. Keep in mind that people old and young have been known to flirt. The behavior is no respecter of age. What might be surprising, however, is that married people are likely to flirt as well. They have found someone that is a match for them already, yet the human tendency is to still engage in flirtatious behavior from time to time when someone strikes our fancy. They question, of course, is why people persist with the flirting, even after they have found a life partner (Luscombe, para. 1). Many people believe that they truly do not flirt. It is just as likely for a single person, as a married person, to make this claim. Luscombe (2008) writes, â€Å"Before you claim, whether single or married, that you never flirt, bear in mind that it’s not just talk we’re dealing with here. It’s gestures, stance, eye movement† (para. 2). There is much more to flirting than merely written or verb al communication. It could be as simple a movement as leaning forward, almost into, the person you are talking to. Or, it could a simple raise of the eyebrow, or a sidelong glance combine with an ever so subtle smile. While some may not consider it flirtatious behavior, it can most certainly be construed that way. Do not make the wrong assumption that only men flirt. Women are just as guilty. What about the lady that tilts here necks to side just a little bit? This exposes her soft neck so that the other person has it in full few. Whether done consciously or not, this is also flirting. Women tend to be looked over when talking about the issue of flirting, but men are not the only ‘guilty’ parties here. There are many subtle ways that women can carry on a flirtatious relationship with men (Luscombe, para. 2). Scientists have also weighed in on this issue of flirting as well. They claim that providing certain ‘contact-readiness’ clues indicates a desire for t he other person. This is often done nonverbally, but it certainly lets the other party know that you are ready for physical contact of some sort. When flirting, it appears that humans can, through their mere actions alone, indicate a readiness for the holding of hands, a kiss, or more without ever having to say anything. What’s more is the fact that flirting with another person negates the need for any questions. The answer has already been communicated through the behavior of flirting and the other person can feel free to try and act on those desires (Luscombe, para. 3). Do We Really Flirt All That Much? Flirting can also be explained by using simple psychology. Humans are often fearful of verbally communicating their true feelings for one another. They may avoid this

Financial Analysis about PepsiCo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Analysis about PepsiCo - Essay Example Today the PepsiCo has a wide and diverse range of edible products and it is one of the largest multinational corporations of the world. As per the financial statements of the company for the financial year 2011, the company has more than 22 mega brands which accounts for more than $1 billion each in annual retail sales. The company has been working diligently on focusing on its strategic targets and has been able to add several brands in the last decade. During the financial year 2011 the company was able to post revenue of 14 percent through its food and average business. The global snack portfolio of the company accounts for around $34 billion. In this particular niche, the company has been able to diverse immensely and through active innovation, the company has been able to add new products such as bread snacks and refrigerated dips. In addition, Lays, one of the world’s leading brands is also owned by PepsiCo and accounted for $9 billion in sales during the financial year 2011.On the other hand, the global beverage portfolio of the company amounts for $34 billion which has shown an impressive increase of 5% growth from the previous financial year. Considering the current strategies and innovation, the company is actively working on brining new experiences to its customers all across the globe. The fact that the company is committed in expanding its operations all across the globe can be identified from the fact that during the 2011 financial year 50% of the revenue of the company came from outside of the America. The company has actively started marketing one of its major beverages Gatorade and Pepsi MAX outside of the America. ... rands is also owned by PepsiCo and accounted for $9 billion in sales during the financial year 2011.On the other hand, the global beverage portfolio of the company amounts for $34 billion which has shown an impressive increase of 5% growth from the previous financial year. Considering the current strategies and innovation, the company is actively working on brining new experiences to its customers all across the globe. The fact that the company is committed in expanding its operations all across the globe can be identified from the fact that during the 2011 financial year 50% of the revenue of the company came from outside of the America. The company has actively started marketing one of its major beverages Gatorade and Pepsi MAX outside of the America. No matter how strong the asset base of a company is and how prudent and effective the management of its resources is, there are always certain business risk lurking. As per the latest financial statement of the company, a great quantu m of its sales pertains to outside of America to countries such as Mexico, United Kingdom, China, India etc. However, the markets in these countries are still emerging and there is no certainty and surety that the products manufactured by the company will be accepted in the coming future. In addition, the political instability or severe economic meltdown can cause serious affect on the profitability of the company. Serious competition from any of the local brand in the aforementioned countries can also give difficult time to the company in achieving its desired sales target and revenue level. Change in the legal and regulatory requirement in any of the country can adversely affect the operations of the company. The overseas operations and conduct of the business including production,

The Affects of the New Budget of the UK on Built Environment Firms Research Paper

The Affects of the New Budget of the UK on Built Environment Firms - Research Paper Example The researcher states that the Parliament will be implementing austerity measures to combat the growing deficit. The deficit is projected to be  £163 billion, which is historically high. Moreover, for the years 2014/2015, the budget deficit is projected to be  £74 billion, which is still historically high and is 4% of GDP. The current budget deficit is 11% of GDP. Part of the reason for this deficit can be attributed to the economic recession – tax revenues are less in a recession, and government expenditures, such as unemployment benefits, are increased. This is cyclical – once the economy recovers, then the tax revenues will increase, and the government expenditures will decrease. That said, economic recovery is uncertain at this point. Moreover, even after the economy recovers, there are still going to be lasting effects. The government assumes that the productive potential of the country has been permanently damaged by the protracted economic recession, and this is one problem that the UK government will still face. The housing and the financial sectors of the economy have also suffered permanent structural negative effects. The UK government estimates that the permanent structural deficit comprises 2/3 of the current deficit, and that the cyclical effects comprises only 1/3. Therefore, 2/3 of the current deficit is not related to the current economic cycle, which means that 2/3 of the deficit will not be alleviated once economic recovery begins. Therefore, the UK will have to implement additional taxes and will have to cut spending in a variety of areas of the budget. (The Economic Recovery and the Budget Deficit). These budget cuts will have a serious impact on the economy, in particular, firms which specialize in built environment. Therefore, this paper will examine the affects the budget cuts will have on a built environment firm with multiple offices, who shall remain anonymous. Discussion Firm Chosen The firm which was chosen for thi s project is A. This is not my employer. A has offices in Brentwood, Purfleet and Upminster. This firm specializes in carpentry and building services. They are a full service firm, with professionals in the engineering, plumbing, electrical, carpentry and building areas. They also perform commercial work, which includes governmental work. In addition to building residences and commercial buildings, they also do landscaping and groundwork, as well as renovations and refurbishments. They also specialize in loft conversions, which means that they take existing spaces in the roof of residential homes and convert these spaces into livable areas (http://www.milbarnconstruction. co.uk/). Austerity and Neo-Liberalism The UK Parliament is essentially implementing austerity measures, in that they are going to cut spending from the budget, in addition to increasing taxes. This is also known as â€Å"neo-liberalism.† Neo-liberalism, explains Grimshaw and Rubery, is marked the pursuing of low inflation, offering limited state assistance to industries and firms, deregulating product markets and liberalizing capital flows. In the process, the interests of finance capitalists are prioritized. Grimshaw and Rubery state that neo-liberalism results in falling wages, instability and growing debt, because it favors capital over labour. Nevertheless, Grimshaw and Rubery state that, even though the UK banking crisis was at least partially caused by a dearth of regulations on the banks, in the belief that allowing unfettered markets will help the markets grow, the UK did not impose any additional regulations on th

Ecological Ethics, Amber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ecological Ethics, Amber - Essay Example tructive behavior poses a threat to the existence of species and the environment as a whole, and therefore it is obligatory that species need to be conserved simply because they were created and meant to exist (Ehrenfield,1972).However, simple intrinsic values are not considered when conservation and management strategies are designed and implemented. However, the fact is that where there is value of existence there will be ethics of conservation and this is where we get a glimpse of man’s anthropocentric approach towards conservation strategies. Species utilitarian values and ecosystem values are the core reason that drives man’s ethics of conservation. Man benefits from products and free services that natures offers and man is very much aware about the value and the effect of these products and services and hence man values biodiversity because of its mere utility (Alho,2008). On the other hand, it is also true that man values something because of aesthetic reasons. For example lions and tigers do not provide any direct service yet they are valued for the reason that they are top predators who have an aesthetic value as well. Whereas endangered animals for example the Indiana bat receives less hype simply because it has lesser impact on the people. This is where the concept of flagship species may be linked. Conservationists are aware of the values of each and every species yet they chose flagship specie such as the giant panda or tiger to symbolize conservation for the sole reason that larger animals have greater impact on the minds of

R v Hayter [2005] Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

R v Hayter [2005] - Essay Example When another co – accused is implicated in a confession, then that person has no opportunity to challenge it. Moreover, the maker may have an ulterior motive in implicating that person (McGourlay, 2006, p. 133). In this case, Hayter’s appeal failed, as the House of Lords ruled that the jury was empowered to decide the guilt of Ryan on the basis of his out of court statement, and thereafter to use this finding of guilt as evidence against Hayter. It was opined by their Lordships that there was no justification for not using the guilt of Ryan as a fact evidentially against Hayter (Taylor, 2012, p. 120). In R v Hayter, the first defendant, approached the second defendant Hayter, in order to get her husband killed. The second defendant Hayter, thereupon, hired the third defendant Ryan, to execute her husband (House of Lords, Session 2004 – 2005, 2005). All the defendants were convicted of murder by the jury. In his appeal, Hayter contended that the judge had erred in law by directing the jury that if they convicted Ryan of murder, then they could employ their finding that Ryan was the murderer, as evidence in the case against Hayter. The latter also relied on the ground that the judge had erred in law by not withdrawing the case from the jury, when the Crown’s case was closed (Regina v Hayter, 2005). The court ruled that in a joint trial involving defendants for a joint offence, the jury could use their findings of one of the defendants’ guilt, which was entirely founded on that defendant’s out of court statement, as a fact with regard to another defendant in that case. However, the jury had to be sufficiently certain regarding the veracity of such evidence. While admitting such evidence, the main consideration is whether it is relevant in the sense that it either disproves or establishes a fact in issue. It will also have to be ascertained whether such evidence has a probative

Electroconvulsive Therapy Essay Example for Free

Electroconvulsive Therapy Essay Chapter 578 of the 14th Edition Texas Laws Relating to Mental Health and Mental Retardation discusses in length the circumstances in which application of the electroconvulsive therapy is allowed, or possible. In the United States, electroconvulsive therapy or ECT as it is commonly called is generally practiced only for the treatment of severe depression. And treatment may only be applied with expressed consent of the patient. Under no other circumstance can ECT be used other than what is prescribed. The Texas Law qualifies this expressed consent agreement by outlining the types of patients who may provide such consent. It also identifies which patients who are not eligible for such treatment at any given circumstance. The law further provides a thorough detailing of what this consent should include. The consent must clearly be communicated to the patient and the following agreed upon: the nature and purpose of the procedure; the degree, duration and probable side effects; opinions of efficacy of the procedure; probable improvement or remission expectations (www. heuniversityhospital. com). Only the presences of all these four (4) important points hold constitute the validity of the consent agreement to ECT. Federal Health Laws of the United States leave the legal obligation for accomplishment of this consent agreement to the doctors. It is the doctors who guarantee the awareness of patients to the requirements of the agreement. Historical Background of the Policy Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) or sometimes referred to as â€Å"electric shock treatment† (Hollander, 2000) has been in existence for over 60 years in the medical field. The use of this procedure however and the conditions surrounding the need for this treatment has improved in recent years. The procedure is used more for the treatment of severe depression (Hollander, 2000) but may also be considered as treatment for schizophrenia and other similar disorders. The first use of this procedure was in 1938 (The University Hospital, 2007) by the Italian Neurologist Ugo Cerletti, aptly aided by his assistant Lucio Bini. They used the electric shock to induce convulsion and subsequently treat mood disorders. However it was only in the 1970’s in which ECT became accepted and was finally recognized by the APA and NIMH as a viable therapeutic procedure. Even with the recognition by the APA and NIMH as having important medical value, there are a number of concerns surrounding the procedure. In fact, ECT is one of the most highly debatable medical procedures around. One of the biggest concerns is with regards to unrecoverable memory loss (Stevens, 2007) after treatment. This is the reason why the governing policy on ECT primarily focuses on the agreement of the patient to the procedure before undergoing such. Description of the Problem that Necessitated the Policy One of the biggest concerns with regards to the use of ECT as a medical treatment is its suitability for minors. For over 40 years the treatment was designed for adults who suffer mental disorders, particularly severe depression. The growing number of minors with similar disorders and because of unsubstantiated side-effects of the procedure prompted the design of the policy. Minors (Baldwin and Jones, 1998) need to be specifically identified as a no-treatment zone in this area. Description of the Policy Policies governing the use of electroconvulsive therapy as a legitimate medical procedure for mental disorders, specifically for the treatment of severe depression are designed to protect the patient. The Texas Law on this particular issue is the most popular reference to identify the implementing guidelines of ECT. The policy aims to concretize the circumstances surrounding the use of ECT. The requirements are absolute and explicit. It assures safety and protection of the patient and the doctor. As a whole the policy addresses the implementing questions that surround ECT. The pre-treatment requirements are clearly stated and easily understood. There is no way around the points of consideration, thus, proving to be well-established. However, the issue on ECT is not necessarily about the policy governing the treatment. Controversy (www. antipsychiatry. org) is focused on the viability of the treatment itself, which unfortunately, is not addressed by the policy. In fact many organization constantly fight against the use of the procedure even for severe depression, as it is commonly applied. The question on electroconvulsive therapy is more on its effectiveness as a medical procedure. Although there are a good number of documented successes of ECT, there also are a good number of disputes raised. Since the existing policy governing ECT focuses on its implementing guidelines, many disputes are not addressed. Comparative and International Analysis In March 2006, the United Kingdom made a bold move to revise (Ruthen, 2006) their existing policy on electroconvulsive therapy. The changes in the provisions include the strengthening of guideline to safeguard its practice (Ruthen, 2006). They also include the ethical considerations pertaining to safety and effectiveness. Through these provisions, the policy became more comprehensive. It increased the level of safety and security for those which the particular policy is designed. In contrast, the Texas Law as earlier discussed does not provide a clear stand on its effectiveness, efficiency, and safety. Without dealing with the ethical considerations of the procedure, the law merely provides a procedural guideline for implementation. The law neither provides basis for Government action apart from its role on instrumentation. Social Thought and Ideology There are two very contrasting social thoughts on ECT. The first is that electroconvulsive therapy is a highly effective medical procedure for mental disorders. It is safe and effective more particularly for the treatment of severe depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This view highlights the credibility of the procedure and supports the existing policies for its implementation. In both the US Federal and Texas Laws, legal accountability is placed with the patient and the doctor. Because of substantiated success of the treatment over the course of more than 60 years, the policy is designed to provide implementing guidelines to safeguard its uses. In fact, the US Federal Law specifically states that it is the legal responsibility of the doctor to clarify all pre-treatment requirements with the patient. In no instance does Government interfere with the process. Medical decisions in this case are left between the two parties involved. The strongest evidence of Government involvement in the policy lies on the registration of equipment used in the procedure. On the other hand, the second school of thought questions the very validity of the procedure as a humane alternative to treat mental disorders. Many counterpoints are raised more precisely when it comes to its ethical considerations. This point of view questions the very role of Government in safeguarding the use of this procedure. The existing policy simply does not justify the existence of unsubstantiated side effects, most particularly that of memory loss after treatment. Those who support this view believe that in the more than 60 year history of ECT, there are still so many unanswered concerns surrounding the procedure. Considering this like any other medical solution simply reduces the opportunity to scrutinize the side effects more in-depth. However contradicting the two schools of thought in this matter, there are still points both agree upon. One of these points and probably the most important is that both sides acknowledge the unsuitability of the procedure for minors. The policy was designed to make sure that the protection of minors from this procedure is absolute, not withstanding the otherwise underlying differences in the two schools of thoughts. What Dynamics and Patterns of US Social Policy are Evident in the Policy? Historically (Amenta, Bonastia, and Caren, 2001) the US Social Policy has always been the subjected of much heated debates among policy makers. The major areas that cause quite a stir are in health care, welfare, social services, and employment. There have been many attempts to revise social policies but have failed. In other words, patterns and dynamics of social policies have remained constant for many years. The longstanding debates on social policies (Weir, Orloff, and Skocpol, 1988) affect the progression of other policies. One such policy is that which addresses the mental health care, more specifically the use of electroconvulsive therapy in treating mental disorders. In as much as the social policies go through quite a scrutiny, provisions that deal with ECT are equally scrutinized. The laws that govern the use of ECT do not even state the relevance of this procedure to social welfare or any other social policy. Even though ECT is recognized as a legitimate means to treat mental disorder, there remains indifference on how far Government would go to subsidize this procedure. Conclusion Electroconvulsive therapy is a recognized treatment procedure for mental disorders by both the American Psychological Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Its more than 60 year track record documents numerous success. In fact, it has gained even greater momentum in recent times. While there is much acclaim for the procedure, there is also much concern. The questions on side effects have not been thoroughly addressed. Policies that govern the procedure do not provide enough assurance of its safety and efficiency. There is a constant fear of other unknown side effects materializing. And with the brain being a highly susceptible mass, there is no guarantee to its long standing recovery effects. The Texas Law does provide a sense of comfort by somehow solidifying pre-treatment requirements. However, after all these requirements have been accomplished, there are no subsequent provisions that address the other important considerations. Apart from the weaknesses in policy there is the constant nagging of unanswered ethical considerations. Even with the numerous reassurances that the procedure is with expressed consent, there is still the question of how humanely applicable is the entire procedure. The policy simply puts accountability to the patient itself. It does not actually define the surrounding qualifications of the entire process. It is therefore inferred that the Texas Laws, although having the beginnings of a solid reference to protect those who undergo ECT still need a great deal of work. It does not matter if it has been the reference of many similar policies. There are important issues about ECT that are not properly addressed, or even considered. True, that with the present policies governing ECT it is always the patient’s choice. Never the less, it is the responsibility of policy makers to provide for informed choices. The human brain is far too important for simple assumptions.

Theories of Interpersonal Perception and Self Presentation

Theories of Interpersonal Perception and Self Presentation Christian S. Bautista Social Psychology Interpersonal Relationship Solomon Asch (1946) found out that when information is given about another person, some parts of that information are given more importance than others. He called this central trait, which he said we are using to make decisions about the personality of the other person. In his warm-cold study, Asch felt that traits like warm and cold when put in conjunction with traits like practical or determined produced a completely different overall impressions. However, S. Nauts et al argued that Asch’s data (1946), do not provide clear evidence for a primacy of warmth effect; the open-ended responses that were important to Asch’s theorizing were not systematically analysed; the trait-pair choice measure seems unfit to test primacy of warmth; and the results of the ranking measure suggest that warmth was not central in determining participant’s impression. Stereotyping is an assumption we make about other people that maybe unconscious, but that influence our perception of others. Stereotypes can be split into two basic forms; individual and group stereotypes. However, negative stereotypes can lead to group polarization and prejudice, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) (cited in Payne, S. and Walker, J., 1996, p 191) classroom experiment illustrated this. Rosenthal and Jacobson’s study became popular as it seemed to provide a powerful explanation for the low achievement of the so-called disadvantaged students. However, it was also criticized by educational psychologists on conceptual, methodological and statistical grounds. There were numerous attempts to replicate the study, consistently, only about one third of the studies attempting to demonstrate a self-fulfilling prophecy succeeded, and critics said that the phenomenon did not exist because the support was unreliable. TAQ 2 (752 words) Attribution theory deals with how the social perceiver uses information to arrive at causal explanations for events. It examines what information is gathered and how it is combined to form a causal judgement (Fiske, Taylor, 1991). The aim of attribution is to understand how people interpret the words and actions of others and their own behaviour. An experiment by Thibaut and Riecken in 1955 shows how the subject perceives between someone who is on a higher status and of a lower status. In the procedure, the subject interacted with two other persons; one is of higher status than the subject and the other of a lower status. Both the person complied with the request of the subject, but when the subject was asked why each one had complied, the result was higher status compliance was put down as internal reason and external reason for the lowest status persons compliance. Furthermore, his evaluation from before to after the compliance was favoured to the highest status person. This study shows both antecedent and consequences of attributions for behaviour. In this study they adopted the ideas from Heider (1944) and Michotte (1963). It was assumed that the subject makes distinction and decides between internal and external cause for the other persons compliance on the basis of their perceived power. In attributing compliance to internal causes, positive attitudes are credited by the subject to the person. Attributing these qualities to a person has the consequence that the subject tends to like the person. In this experiment, essential element of attribution research is present. The research has hypotheses about the antecedents of causal attribution and the consequences of the subject making particular attributions (Kelley, H. and L. Michela, J.). We tend to perceive that the observed behaviour is due to the qualities of the person, dispositional attribution, rather than due to external force, situational attribution. The passenger who complains about the bus schedule is likely to be regarded as disagreeable rather than in a hurry. A respectful greeting to your manager may be offered because you like her or it may be only because of the superordinate-subordinate situation which exists between you. Heider (1958), who developed the model called the Naà ¯ve Analysis of behaviour noted that people generally tend to perceive that human behaviour is somehow caused, as it can be used by us in predicting the likelihood of this happening again, rather than being due to chance. We can make two attributions; internal attribution, we attribute the behaviour of the person in their personality, character or attitude; and external attribution, the inference that the person is behaving in a certain way because of the situation he or she may be in. Heider also noted that a person’s behaviour particularly the first impression behaviour is so compelling that observers take it at face value and forget to take sufficient account of possible situational causes. When we make attribution, we must analyse the situation by going beyond the information given about the disposition of others and yourself as well as the environment and how it may be causing the person to behave in such a manner. However, order and predictability are the consequences in making inferences and inferences lead to behaviour. Once someone is given an initial label based on his observed behaviour, the label sticks and becomes self-validating as that person will continue to behave in the way now expected of him. Another attribution theory is Kelly’s covariation model: he developed a logical model for judging whether a particular action should be attributed to the person or stimulus. There are three types of causal information which influence our judgements; consistency, consensus and distinctiveness. Consistency is when cause and effect regularly occur together; for example you may notice that you felt irritable in the morning after a late night out with little sleep, in fact irritability might occur every time you have a very late night. Others also reported the late-night irritability syndrome, this means you are not unique then the consensus is high. Distinctiveness is whether or not a particular behaviour occurred in the same way in the similar situation. According to Kruglanski (1977), people do not just naively come across situation but bring to each social situation a wide range of experiences and prior knowledge. This theory lacks of distinction between intentional and uninten tional behaviour; intentional behaviour occurs when there is a desire for an outcome. Covariance treats explanation as a cognitive activity, no accounting for the social functions of explanations such as clarifying something for another person (Malle, B.F., 2003). TAQ 3 (165 words) TAQ 4 (190 words) Self-presentational behaviour is any behaviour intended to create, modify, or maintain an impression of ourselves in the minds of others. Whenever we attempt to lead people to think of us in a particular way, we are engaging in self-presentation. Self-presentation is very important aspect of our lives. How do we make others to believe that we possess various characteristic plays a huge role on our outcome in life. Self-presentation is a pervasive feature of our social life. However, self-presentational concerns also lead people to engage in behaviours that enhance their appearance but simultaneously jeopardize their own physical well-being and it even underlies self-destructive behaviour. Self-monitoring allows human to measure their behavioural outcomes against a set of standards. Small children typically do not have the ability to self-monitor, it develops overtime. The ability to both understand and internalize other’s behavioural expectations is a developmental social milestone that will occur in middle childhood. Both self-presentation and self-monitoring shaped me to the person I am today. I was able to convince people; my wife; my friends; and my colleagues that I am worthy of their love, their friendship, their trust and their respect. TAQ 5 (156 words) There are many factors involved, such as proximity, similarity, and physical attractiveness in the formation of relationships. It was found out that the friendliest person were those who live near on another. â€Å"Those who play together stay together†, in other words those who share similar interest in leisure activities form relationship. People of the same race, gender, age, and social background are likely to form a relationship. Person who are either similar â€Å"birds of the same feather flocks together† or that â€Å"opposites attract† forms a relationship. Physical attractiveness is also an important factor in formation of relationship, when we first meet someone their physical appearance is the first thing that will strike us before anything else. Jade’s date didn’t work out for her because as I have said above, her date didn’t have any of the factors. He faked his photo, his description and his job so Jade and his date had nothing in common basically. TAQ 6 (235 words) The main assumption of the social exchange theory (SET) is that individuals try to maximise their rewards; affection and attention and reduce their costs; time and effort. SET helps us understand the cost and rewards of relationships and it helps us predict how to keep and sustain relationships. However, it also has some weaknesses, SET neglects culture context. SET is based on a reward concept but not all cultures seek for a reward in a relationship. SET makes people seems individualistic and a reward seeking. Equity theory extends the SET, it takes into account that rewards need to be proportionate, this is based in the assumption that people expect that a relationship to be fair. People will feel satisfied if what they put into the relationship is comparable with what they get out of it. Aspects of equity theory were unable to predict whether a relationship will be maintained or break down. According to Balance theory we tend to be friends or to choose friends those people who help us maintain our balance view of the world. One simple advantage is that it recognizes that people sometimes notice inconsistent cognitions and that this inconsistency can lead to attitude change. It predicts how people will react to imbalanced and balanced situations. However, one consistent problem is that the predictions don’t work very well. Balance theory does not make any prediction about how imbalanced will be resolved. TAQ 7 (110 words) Mechanical failure is when two suitable people of goodwill and good nature grow apart, where communication may be poor or interactions go badly is the most common cause of relationship breakdown. Long term relationships often fail due to lack of common activities, as well as individual hobbies, interest and friends. If both partners do not grow equally one partner might feel that they are carrying the load. In Scenario 2 the youngest child is now completing his GCSE, couples shares responsibility in rearing their children and this is their common interest. Since their younger son is becoming less of their common interest, it can become a cause of the problem. TAQ 8 (219 words) Stages of Dissolution (Ducks Phase Model) Stage I The Intrapsychic phase Thinking about relationship in private, beginning to consider there is a problem in the relationship. Stage II The Dyadic phase The dissatisfaction is discussed. This is when the troubled partner confronts the other and tries to correct these problems. Stage III The Social phase At this point the decision is made by one or both partners to leave the relationship. The breakdown is made public. Stage IV The Grave Dressing phase A post-relationship view of the breakup is established; both of the partners go through self-justification; protecting self-esteem and rebuilding life towards new relationships. In 2006 Duck and Rollie added a fifth stage, Resurrection phase, when individual evaluate the relationship and attempting to re-instigate the relationship again. One of the strength of this model is that it gives some insight into possible techniques that can be used so that the relationship can be repaired. It also has face validity as it is an account of relationship breakdown that we can relate to our own and others experiences Brehm and Kassin (1996) sees the limitation of this study in that the women are more likely to stress unhappiness and incompatibility as reasons for breakup while men blame lack of sex suggesting gender differences that the model does not consider. TAQ 9 (93 words) Love relationships are one of the greatest sources of happiness and meaning for every human being. Even the strongest relationships get off track sometimes because of the stresses of daily living, and mismatch expectations. The HEAL (Hear-Empathize-Act-Love) technique to repair damaged relationships by replacing defensive self-protection with compassionate presence and loving connection (Greenberg, M., 2013). Hear – to listen to your partner, stay present and be there. Empathize – allow your partner’s experience deeply affect you, share the feelings. Act address the concerns and show willingness to change. Love – feel and express unconditional love. References Asch, (1946) as cited in https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U7oeILtwkxoCprintsec=frontcoversource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0#v=onepageqf=false  Date last accessed: 22 January 2015 Brehm and Kassin (1996) as cited in DLcentre workbook Module 6 Social Interaction Level 3. Cowan Curtis, 1994 as cited in http://www.understandingprejudice.org/apa/english/page9.htm  Date last accessed: 26 Feb 2015 Cozzarelli, Wilkinson, Tagler, 2001 as cited in http://www.understandingprejudice.org/apa/english/page9.htm  Date last accessed: 26 Feb 2015 Eysenc, M. (2002). Simply Psychology. [Online]. 2nd Edition.  East Sussex: Psychology Press. Accessed 22 January 2015.  Available at:  https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U7oeILtwkxoCprintsec=frontcoversource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0#v=onepageqf=false Greenberg, M., 2013. Four Steps to Relationship Repair With The H-E-A-L Technique. [online].  Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-mindful-self-express/201304/four-steps-relationship-repair-the-h-e-l-technique  Accessed: 12 February 2015 Heider (1944) as cited in http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/attribution_theory_and_research.pdf   Kelley, H. and L. Michela, J. Attribution Theory and Research. [online].  Available at: http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/attribution_theory_and_research.pdf  Accessed: 19 March 2015 Kruglanski, 1977 as cited in DLCentre Ltd., 2009/11 Module 6. Social Interaction level 3 Lerner, 1980; Montada Lerner, 1998 as cited in http://www.understandingprejudice.org/apa/english/page9.htm  Date last accessed: 26 Feb 2015 Malle, B.F., 2003. Attributions as Behavior Explanations: Toward a New Theory. [Online]. Available at: http://cogprints.org/3314/1/Explanation_theory_03.pdf  Accessed: 09 February 2015 Michotte(1963) as cited in http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/attribution_theory_and_research.pdf Payne, S and Walker, J. (1996). Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Profession. Philadelphia: Open University Press. Rosenberg et al, (1968) as cited in https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U7oeILtwkxoCprintsec=frontcoversource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0#v=onepageqf=false  Date last accessed: 22 January 2015 Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) as cited in Payne, S and Walker, J. (1996). Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Profession. S. Nauts et al. Forming Impressions of Personality. [online].  Available at: http://selfregulationlab.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nauts-et-al-2014-Asch.pdf  Accessed: 25 February 2015   Tagler, 2001; Schuller, Smith, Olson, 1994 as cited in http://www.understandingprejudice.org/apa/english/page9.htm  Date last accessed: 26 Feb 2015 Thibaut Riecken (1955) as cited in http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/attribution_theory_and_research.pdf

Revo Of 1905 :: essays research papers

At the turn of the twentieth century, Russia was a curious society, still stratified into nobility and peasantry. The Russian people seemed to be as immovable as the dark ground which they farmed, welded to the ground by centuries of struggle. While the Europeans fought political battles, the Russians wrestled against the cold and starvation. Four decades earlier, Czar Alexander II signed the ``Emancipation Manifesto'' which freed the serfs from ownership by the nobles.1 He had hoped to finally bring Russia out of the dark ages. His bureaucracy continued to elevate the peasants by making all classes of society equal under the law and increasing the availability of education.2 Nevertheless, the Dark People of Russia remained in their darkness, understanding little besides their own existence in the context of their communes. The commune oriented nature of the Russian peasants made Russia a prime target for Marxist revolutionaries. The uniquely backward culture of Russia spawned a singularly Russian form of Marxism, Narodnichestvo. Russian intellectuals of the 19th century felt that the socialist revolution must come from the uprising of the rural peasant masses, rather than through the proletariat of the cities. The peasants were remarkably unreceptive to revolutionary agitators. They were blind to events outside of their own commune. More often than not, the agitators were run out of town by suspicious peasants. 3 By 1900, the remnants of the Narodonik philosophy had melted into the Social Republican party. 4 The ``Emancipation Manifesto'' had marked the beginning of the end for the nobility. Deprived of their serfs and unable to gain any power in the government, the Nobles were forced to sell off their land, little by little, to support their lifestyle. For a government supported by nothing more than the momentum of history and tradition, the decline of the nobility foreshadowed the destruction of the autocracy. At the turn of the century, the Czar had very little support outside his own bureaucracy. Young Nicholas II, heir to the throne in the late 1800's, inspired hope in those rallying for governmental reform. Zemstvos and volosts, local governments elected by nobles and peasants, hoped that Nicholas would at least allow these legislatures to have an advisory function for the Czar. 5 They were sadly disappointed once Nicholas II ascended the throne. Upon the death of Alexander III, the zemstvo of Tver petitioned Nicholas II to allow local representative bodies ``to express their opinion on questions of concern to them, in order that. . . the Russian people might reach the height of the throne. . .''. Nicholas replied, ``I am extremely astonished and displeased with this

Urban Legend of Car Headlights Essay -- Urban Legends

Lights Out In preparation for this writing assignment, I interviewed about 15 students at the University to collect their urban legends. One legend, often called â€Å"Lights Out,† was mentioned by just about all of the students I interviewed. Those who did not mention it on their own recognized it when I described it. I interviewed a 19-year-old male sophomore who anticipates getting into the School of Business. He transferred from Community College this past fall, and currently lives with a relative in a nearby off-campus home. He went to a small Catholic high school. He recalls first hearing this legend early in high school, probably between freshman and sophomore year. After telling him the purpose of the interview, I began the conversation by asking if he knew any urban legends, to which he replied: Ummm, maybe (pensive)†¦ you mean like the gang killer story? (looks excited)... It’s something like, (change to more serious tone) if you see a car driving on the road, coming toward you with no headlights on, and you flash your headlights at them, they will turn around and chase you down and kill you†¦ I think gangs really do that though (slight smile), so I guess it’s a non-urban legend. He told me the story rather quickly, but in an uncharacteristically serious tone, and maintained eye contact during the performance. The story he told is not really very long or involved with characters and exact places, but I interpret that as an element that makes the story more likely to circulate, since the lack of specificity implies it could happen to anyone, anywhere. Normally, this individual cannot say a single sentence without laughing, joking, or including some kind of sarcasm, but his tone while he quickly reviewed this ... ...ecause those who do get screwed.† It could mean that people who worry about the safety of others instead of their own are at the greatest risk. Works Cited Armstrong, David. (1994, January 23). "Police label gang story a hoax; Rumors of motorists killed in initiation rite spread from coast to coast." The Boston Globe. Retrieved April 7, 2006 from LexisNexis; keyword â€Å"gang headlights legend.† Emery, David. â€Å"Flash Your Headlights and Die!, Netlore Archive: Resurgence of a terrifying urban legend about aspiring gang members opening fire on oncoming drivers who innocently flashed their headlights† (10 paragraphs). Retrieved April 7, 2006 from http://www.urbanlegends.about.com/library/blbyol.htm. Mikkelson, Barbara. (2005, October 29). â€Å"Lights Out!† (31 paragraphs). Retrieved April 7, 2006 from http://www.snopes.com/horrors/madmen/lightsout.asp.

Pokémon :: Television Cartoons Essays

Pokà ©mon: Little Angels or Little Devils? My younger sisters are victims of the Pokà ©mon craze. On the weekends when I go home for a brief break from college life, Claire and Natalie are drawn to the television to catch the latest episode of Pokà ©mon on Saturday morning. Catching a glimpse of the illuminated screen, I walk into the kitchen and sit down with them as they blindly spoon cereal into their mouths, not missing one millisecond of the cartoon. Watching them absorb the show makes me laugh and, when I do, they turn to me and tell me, "Shut up! We’re trying to watch the show!" I give them a funny look and proceed to watch the show with them. I find that I also am in love with the little yellow Pikachu and can’t get enough of this darling cartoon series. Our addiction to Pokà ©mon is just as benevolent as the individual Pokà ©mon themselves. "Pokà ©mon started as the brainchild of Japanese creator Satoshi Tajiri, 34, who combined his two childhood passions: monster movies and the study of insects to invent Pokà ©mon in 1991" ("Poka" 2/3). There are over 155 Pokà ©mon to learn about and collect. There are Pokà ©mon trading cards, video games (several different versions), and a cartoon series on the Kids’ WB television network. The name Pokà ©mon actually means "pocket monsters" (Holmes 1/2). Pikachu, the most popular Pokà ©mon and my personal favorite, is an electric Pokà ©mon with special attacks such as "Thundershock" and "Lightningbolt." Other Pokà ©mon and their attacks include Krabby, a water Pokà ©mon, with a "vise grip" attack; Tauros a normal type Pokà ©mon with a "tail whip" attack; and Squirtle, also a water type Pokà ©mon, with a "hydro pump" attack (Walk 1/2). In the video game story there are three main trainers that travel around to different islands to catch wild Pokà ©mon that they train and become their own: Ash, Brock, and Misty. Ash wants to become a Pokà ©mon master which means that he must travel to all the Pokà ©mon gyms, defeat the gym leaders’ Pokà ©mon, and collect "badges" so that he can compete in the Pokà ©mon league and achieve his dream. In the video games, the person playing the game takes on the role of Ash and attempts to learn about all the different Pokà ©mon as well as how and when to use their corresponding attacks. As the different Pokà ©mon become more experienced, they may evolve into a new and more powerful Pokà ©mon that the trainer can battle with.

African American Reconstruction Essay

?Reconstruction in the 1800’s can have a lot of different meanings. For some the reconstruction was the rejoining of the two sides that fought in the civil war, the North and the South. For others in government it was the presidential reconstruction after the death of Lincoln. Most importantly for some reconstruction mean finally being a free man with right and who could vote and provide for his family. The African Americans were a big part of reconstruction, just being freed by the passing of the thirteenth amendment which was adopted on December 6, 1865. This new law stated â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction. † Being freed was a step in the right direction for the African American, but anything not properly followed through with can end up undoing itself. Unfortunately for the African Americans in the south the progress towards freedom and citizenship and equality had hoped for took a terrible turn for the worse and most of their dreams were crushed. The north removing their army from the south to settle a dispute over who would be president undid what the 14th and 15th amendment were set to do and with no enforcement of them and the black codes life for the average African American remained one filled with difficulties and racism. In 1863 the emancipation proclamation was written to give freedom to all slaves in the rebel states, soon following that the Thirteenth amendment was passed. This Thirteenth amendment took the emancipation proclamation one step further and freed the slaves wherever they may be. Now the mass of newly freed African Americans in the South had to face the difficulties of getting a life started while being surrounded by many angry white Southerners. It granted them their freedom, but did nothing to guarantee them with voting rights, benefits, or the same opportunities as their white countrymen. Imagine you spent your whole life surrounded by people who considered you less than a person. To them you were just a mass of living space that only had the brain capacity to do simple jobs. Once you received a certain document, that says you are a full human being with all the capabilities of others, do you think those people would instantly accept this change and consider you an equal in society? When the civil war came to a close, the White Southerners moved quickly to put an end to the African American’s newfound freedom. They wanted a way to return African Americans back to what they were before the war, which were slaves. In order to do this without getting in too much trouble from the north they had to do it in a way that seemed neutral and fair to all races. Anyone with common sense however could tell that these laws were passed specifically to limit African Americans. These laws started out as what were commonly referred to as the black codes. These were a set of laws that were applied specifically to African Americans to help keep them in a form of slavery. Some of these laws were. â€Å"No person of color shall migrate into and reside in this state, unless, within twenty days after his arrival within the same, he shall enter into a bond with two freeholders as sureties†. â€Å"Servants shall not be absent from the premises without the permission of the master†. â€Å"Servants must assist their masters â€Å"in the defense of his own person, family, premises, or property†. â€Å"No person of color could become an artisan, mechanic, or shopkeeper unless he obtained a license from the judge of the district court – a license that could cost $100 or more. † These laws however didn’t stick around forever and then the Jim Crow Laws were put into place. The Jim Crow laws stated that it is okay for African Americans and whites to be separate as long as they were equal. Even the Supreme Court said that Jim Crow Laws were constitutional even though the stuff that the African Americans got was so much less quality. â€Å"For we colored people did not know how to be free and the white people did not know how to have a free colored person about them. † This quote was stated by the name of Houston Hartsfield Holloway following the passing of the thirteenth amendment. Most of these African Americans didn’t know how to be free and adapting to this new life was extremely difficult. These Freeman had to now face the difficult task of not only dealing with the racism of the white southerners living around then but also needed to get jobs. The freedman bureau was then created to try and help newly freed slaves get on their feet. The freedman bureau created March 3, 1865 main focus was to† provide food and medical care, to help the freedmen to resettle, to ensure justice for the freedmen, to manage abandoned or confiscated property, to regulate labor, and to establish schools. † Now that it was legal for these newly freed men to learn, establishing school in which they could learn was very important. These schools would help them learn trades and skills to help them get jobs. While the freedman’s bureau did not establish schools itself, it coordinated and helped to finance the activities of northern societies committed to black education. It is stated in the Voices of Freedom book written by Eric Foner that by the year 1969 only four years after the thirteenth amendment was passed nearly 3000 schools were established in the south. More impressive than that, these schools have more than 150000 pupils. The bureau was able to give former slaves most of the basics like food, shelter, clothing, and a way to make a living. Without being given the basics there is no way the African Americans would ever be able to take care of themselves and support their families. They needed help adapting to the new freedoms they were given, just as white men had to adapt to them being free, (although most of the time white men still treated them like dirt). The passing of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments helped to make great strides towards equality for African Americans. This amendment was the â€Å"heart† of Congress’ reaction to Johnson’s reconstruction plan and said that all people born in the United States are citizens. This upturned the 1857 Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford. In this case it stated that persons of African descent were not citizens and therefore not entitled to constitutional rights. On top of that it also prohibited states from revoking â€Å"life, liberty or property† without due process of law. Finally it required states to guarantee equal protection under the law. All states were required to ratify it. It was of course to get some of the southern states to ratify a law like this that on top of giving freedom to African Americans would also give them civil rights. Just because the fourteenth amendment said something, which did not mean that it would be enforced. The Military and Reconstruction Act of 1867 however, was passed to make sure that it was. The funny thing about this act is, on the very last day of session for congress, and the congress that was currently fighting with the current president to the point where they tried to kick him out of office overrode his veto and had it passed. The Ten Confederate States that had refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment were divided into five military districts. Each military district was put under the direction of a military governor authorized to appoint and remove state officials. Voters were registered, and suffrage was extended to freedmen. State constitutional conventions were called, and elected delegates were charged with drafting new constitutional provisions providing for black suffrage. Finally, states were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before readmission. The congress didn’t stop here however; they later passed even more military reconstruction acts. â€Å"The new acts directed military commanders to register voters, call conventions, and organize elections, rather than wait for state officials to act. In the face of recalcitrance from Johnson’s executive branch and white southerners attempting to subvert the law, Congress in July 1867 passed a third Reconstruction Act, declaring the existing state governments in the South illegal and subject to military control and the U. S. Congress. † In an attempt to delay the creation of new state governments, some southern whites turned to a provision of the first Reconstruction Act requiring that a majority of registered voters was necessary to ratify a new constitution and called for a boycott of the ratifying election. On March 11, 1868, Congress passed a fourth and final Reconstruction Act that allowed a majority of those voting to ratify a new constitution, regardless of the size of the attendance. President Johnson, being the leader of this nation at the time, worked to delay and obstruct the army from enforcing these laws. The main job of the fifteenth amendment was to give the right of vote to any male of any race. Section two of this article also said â€Å"The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. † This sounds great at first that the African Americans will not be able to vote with no problems. This, as good as it looked in writing, would ultimately fail in some places due to the terrorist threats that were places upon African Americans who planned on voting. During reconstruction African Americans were brandished political power in the south for the first time. Most of these men were those who either lived in the north or lived abroad, and were educated. Before holding political power most were either lawyers or teachers. Black political power was unfortunately short-lived. Northern politicians grew increasingly conciliatory to the white South, so that by 1872 virtually all leaders of the Confederacy had been pardoned and were again able to vote and hold office. The white men were able to take back the south by putting economic pressure on the blacks and by threatening them. One of the biggest ways in which the blacks were threatened was by the Ku Klux Klan, also known as the KKK. The Ku Klux Klan was originally organized in the winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a social club by six Confederate veterans. It started out small and was kept secret at first. When the Klan was first formed they had no violent intentions in mind. After they had a large amount of growth however it turned from a group of people into a terrorist organization. The Klan systematically murdered black politicians and political leaders. It beat, whipped, and murdered thousands, and intimidated tens of thousands of others from voting. The African Americans of course tried to fight back to this injustice at first but because they were outnumbered and had no guns, they didn’t have a chance. â€Å"A 103-year-old woman was whipped, as was a completely paralyzed man. In Georgia, Abraham Colby, an organizer and leader in the black community, was whipped for hours in front of his wife and children. † The KKK’s main objective was white supremacy but President Grant responded to their attacks. In the year 1868 Ulysses S. Grant ran for office and used the slogan â€Å"let us have peace†. After getting the fifteenth amendment passed, the Enforcement Acts were passed, which made it a crime to interfere with registration, voting, office holding, or jury service of blacks. Because of this new law over a 1000 members of the KKK who violated it and interfered were convicted. On top of this act to protect the African Americans there was also the Ku Klux Klan act. These new acts made it so it was okay for the government to interferer and help put a stop against terrorist acts. This act although it did help a little was not greatly enforced. In the year of 1876 was the presidential election of Samuel J. Tilden vs. the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. In this election Hayes ended up winning the popular vote, but as far as electoral votes went it was a tie. This was a big problem and a hard decision to appease until there was the Compromise of 1877. This Compromise would swing the vote away from the Democrats and to the Republicans in return for the removal of all remaining troops from the south. It was on that day that the period of reconstruction would end and the reconstruction for African American would begin to go backwards in the south. Africans Americans were given a sliver of hope and promised to be free equal man just to have the government not follow up on its promise. With all of the troops now removed from the south there was no one there to help protect them or to enforce the laws in which gave them freedoms and rights. They never did go completely back to the way it was before the civil war, but because of how in those net couple of years segregation and discrimination could have been eliminated it is just as tragic. African American Reconstruction helped lay out a great pathway for African Americans to become truly equal and free men in the United Stated. Unfortunately because of their not being enough support from the government they would get to walk down that path to equality for many years later.

Faith and Greer

As assent and Greer grow closer, doctrine requires to recognize what Greer truly call ups. As Greer starts talking, she gives all these suggests which neer felt worry she could do, and someone genuinely listen. Tell me your impressions ab come in what were doing here, combine said. Be honest. Dont worry about my ego. Im curious how it seems to you so far. (Wolitzer 201). The occasion about activism is to she what you think is amend and allow help. trustfulness pres certains Greer to speak her intellect in time in a practised that leave help the company rise. She demand to makes sure that she does her part to doctrines grand venture. Greer want to experience the achiever that trust does. at one conviction that creed tooken the suggests of Greer it, they both demonstrate the truths of activism. Greer realizes the she determine her individualism to a greater extent that sisterhood, she wants to ensure her coin success, til now though she would be belongings Zee from success, forthwith that is little selfish.At this point Faith is reflecting back to the previous(prenominal), and she recalls living Greer everyplace the grades. Faith sees a chain reactor of herself in Greer, they befool reflected upon how they share a sense of disappointment in their parents and that is what has alinement them together. Greer had been so bright and filled with noticeing, but beyond that she had also been upset with her parents. Of line of achievement Faith had been reminded of being upset with her make parents at that age.Both sets of parents had held their female childs back, even as they loved them.(Wolitzer 442). Faith feels for what Greer had to go through, and at present Faith wants to see Greer be successful. Faith can see Greers potential as an activist, a womens rightist, and a leader. Faith is utilise her business leader to help other women husking their have got. Greer and Faith are a pickle alike and they deeply bond over t hat, because of that demonstration of the disappointment of both their parents.When Faith talks to Greer about the instructship syllabus, Greer tells Faith that it does non exist. So Faith asks if the rescue was at least real and Greer responses that yes it was. Faiths actualisation that the mentorship program was not real made her revere what was actually firing on at the ShraderCapital. Exactly what isnt true? Greer managed to consecrate. The whole issue? The rescue was real. The security group plainly went in and saved those girls. Well, frank. Thats a relief. exclusively the mentor part never happened. They beneficial pretend it did. (Wolitzer 464).The whole thing is messed up what they are doing is wrong, but Faith is so caught up in being control with the publics perception of her than in make sure that everything in her organization is running smoothly. Although Faith would pull in lived with ignoring the whole speckle and now even though she knows what is re d ink on Faith is not planning to take any action. Knowing Faith that is in effect(p) not how she does things, but she seem that she salutary name no idea of how to traverse it.Now Faith has confronted Emmett Shrader which has been long overdue. Emmett study not a very good excuse of the whole thing. So the mentor program really doesnt exist? He paused, thrown, trying to be careful. It was supposed to get down existed, he tried. We had every intention. Does that count for anything? (Wolitzer 523). Emmett had whole ignored the thing of the mentorship program as well of the severity of Faiths struggle.Faith couldnt present to tune out of her own carriage, and she could concede to make mistakes. Where Emmet just goes through life with not a public opinion to what consequences his actions could have. This just shows the contrast amongst the power of men and women. Although Emmett had claimed to of had a hazy retrospection of what was actually discussed that twenty-four ho ur period of what happened to the mentorship program. What he actually re components shows his total lack of interest in an definitive contribution of cadence, and resources. Emmett is clearly not an activist and putting his name on an activist company has definitely not made him a better feminist or a better member of the community.Even though the severity of the point or even perhaps, because of it Emmett didnt think that it was important enough to solve the Ecuador crisis. I should have listened better in that meeting, and I shouldnt have let them switch out that adult female you liked, and I should have shut master the fund and announced the whole thing publicly. (Wolitzer 550)Emmett now longing for the simpler times of the early days of Loci of when he connected with Faith Frank with any of the damage of this sandal between them. Though Emmett doesnt remember what happened, he knew that on that point were strings being pulled and good deal were urged to nutrition the t ruth of the whole thing quiet. During that time he tried to convince himself that he was doing the right things to make Faith smart even when it was a bad situation by keeping the money for Faith to use on another project.The recognition sets in that Faith Frank is an activist and mentor a lot of reasons. many were to a greater extent selfish than others, but Faith felt rewarded and loved by receiving gifts and notes from people she had mentored. Dear Faith, This book was my favorite when I was a little girl, and I wanted you to have it. Love, Denise Manguso (from that dinner in stops) (Wolitzer 555). Her importance has been threatened many time throughout the year, but it is her fans that keep her going not her work, and that keep her in the world.That is Faiths rensurence that she will remain adored and relevant as she once was at the start of her career. Although Emmett had messed up, he feels awful about how things went between him and Faith. He realizes that things havent b een all that bad and that he has assumption Faith that greatest gift of all, and powerful platform. He has done perhaps more of the work than anyone else in Faiths life.Greer is now at a point in her life where her career has taken off, her career is roughly a direct mirror of Faiths. this evening they were celebrating the fact that Greer Kadetskys book Outside Voices had just spent one full year on the bestseller list. (Wolitzer 602). Greer finally got the success she has been smell for. Greer has manifested so much attention, but she still gets criticized and often publicly.She gets criticized for her privileged idealism and inattention to worse issues that face the modern of feminism. It seems like Greer gets the same kind of adoration, attention, and praise as Faith Frank once did. This fills Greer with a sense of soulfulnessal fortitude and socio political power. This all of what Greer wanted she worked hard for it and success found its counselling to her.Now that Greer is conjoin to Cory, has a baby named Emilia, and a broody hen name Kay. Greer finds that she sees a lot of herself in Kay, it seems that she sees a similar dynamic inflorescence between her and Kay, like what she once had with Faith. I want you to know I think youre great, Greer. I totally do.My friends and I have read all your book and theyre impress that I sit for you, said benevolently (Wolitzer 607). Although Kay is unlike the shy Greer who was willing to win over her personality and opinions to better align with Faith. Kay has her own independent thoughts about feminism and is not afraid to express herself. With that Greer often wishes that she could concern her former mentor, but with things that ended naughtily between them.But lately, Greer had been wishing she could say something different to Faith. (Wolitzer 623). Greer still deeply admires Faith, and with the realization that her hero was just an ordinary person like the rest of us with flaws too. Greer realizes t hat even with the complicated or with the moments that were upsetting with Faith were ultimately a service of commodity and advancement. Greers ability to be grateful for the way Faith had called her out on things has shown Greer that she has full-blown considerably and is able to see her past mistake a lot more cleary .Greer now wonders if Kay will one day take her place as the mentor, that Kay will be the mentor to her daughter Emila. Who is going to replace me? She though, shocked at world-class at the idea, and the finding it kind of funny, and reposeful into it. (Wolitzer 624). By wondering, Greer wonders if she will slowly out live them all, Greer shows that the power dynamics and politics are constantly shifting.Impling that even as Greer has risen to fame, she will always feel a deep sense of harm for Faith. The cycle continues of mentors, because it is destined to repeat it, with Greers daughter Emilia most likely to be mentor by Kay.